The easiest way that I can think of is to put your map on a separate layer. We'll call this the map:
And on your gameplay layer, you make a black circle the size and shape of your map, and set it to always be on the front.
Something like this:
Then on your map layer, you cover everything EXCEPT that same little circle with black. Choose your favorite means to do this.
And finally set your map layer to the "add" blend mode (you'll need to enable Direct3D runtime for this to work, I think), and you should get something like this:
Another way would be to make a simple shader that displays only that circle. It would be a more elegant solution, but then you'd have to write a shader. But you'd be able to apply that to either your map or the layer the map's on.